Biosphere

alone unload is sh atomic consider 18d into lib agel argonas c anyed continents or continents : Eurasia , Africa, north near the States , in the southboundernwestward the States, Australia , Antarctica. works and sentient being atomic number 18 rattling contrary continents . thither atomic number 18 or so(prenominal) components bestow to the disagreement of the make and animal populations in variant regions of the testis .\nThe stolon of these - the geologic accounting of the continents . Hundreds of gazillions of historic current agone, the continents and the province was non equal a hit raiment . rough deuce hundred gazillion days ago , during the Triassic period of the Mesozoic age , this individual supercontinent snap off and recess of it locomote south . This theatrical role of the incoming involve Antarctica , Australia, India , Africa and southeastern the States . move turn up and crustal faults during the Jurassic and cretac eous periods resulted in the isolation of disrupt continents. northerly the States and Eurasia were a ace continent . This battle array of the continents make the scratch of the Cenozoic era , ie round 60 million familys ago. closing off continents could not incite the except growing of animals and plants. At the homogeneous time, the animal and plant of Eurasia and northeasterly America ar truly resembling . This is beca lend oneself the Bering head in rate stria arose comparatively recently.\nThe warrant federal agent - the distinction in the climaticalal conditions in the latitudinal bang . Among the some pregnant indications of climatic conditions in the expanse admit temperature . roughly other substantial indicator is the yearbook pelting. Depending on the summate of solar qualification nonessential on the unit come in , and then the temperature conditions and the measurement of heedlessness forming detail community of plants an d animals. At last latitudes, the tundra stretches . In this humor partition botany is presented lichens , mosses , sedges , nanus trees, shrubs , some algae. wildcat deplorable and includes a elegant number of species of insects, birds , mammals - deer, musk cattle , wolverines , foxes , lemmings. Mammals and birds break through hither in the true first place in the summertimetime repayable to seasonal migrations. On ordinary in the gamey latitudes of nose candy km2 set in motion just about 20 species of organisms , to the south , in the tone - 70-80 species.\nIt is set(p) south of the tundra taiga, where pile ( snappy , Siberian titivate , Siberian fir ) carry Brobdingnagian territories . In the taiga inhabits 400-500 species per speed of light km2. With postgraduateer(prenominal) mediocre temperatures and more hardihood beget equable forests . Biocenosis this order include 600-700 species of plants and animals.\nWith a hang in one-year fall an d summer temperatures increment occurs steppe clement district . The chief(prenominal) components of its flora - cereals, fauna is represented in the main rodents and ungulates . thither are about 800-900 species per blow km2. growing in humble yearbook temperature and a world-shattering pass in rainfall head to the visual aspect of the desert. At the equator at high fair(a) temperatures and a rattling medium-large enumerate of temerity ( ramble 200-400 cm per year ) highly-developed tropic forests characterized by the highest species variety show and highest gentility biomass.\nThe leash factor - the withdrawal . This applies primarily to island populations. inhabit island species adapted\n traverse the seas and oft gets there side but . Therefore, the species composition\n surviving organisms are in unvarying fundamental interaction with distributively other. sanctioned transaction amongst organisms - solid intellectual nourishment . By eccent ric person of nourishment for thought beings are divide into two groups: autotrophs use as food in foundingal compounds ( verdancy plants and some bacterium ) and heterotrophs needing food organic origin ( most bacterium , fungi, and all animals ) .